This article doesn’t call for destroying traditional institutions but suggests considering the problems that come with rigid gender roles. What is a “healthy, enduring” society? Modern European nations? Ancient Greece? Pre-Industrial Japan? That phrase is too vague, by far. We can’t solve the overpopulation problem with more people but “less people” is an anathema so it leaves humanity with a singular predicament. That is part and parcel of the modern debate/dialogue about gender roles. Our rigid view of those roles creates unnecessary suffering. And, Native American tribes that recognized trans and nonbinary folks were abiding, and in no way nihilistic. Our definition of successful culture is greatly skewed toward rich white male-dominated western & post industrial high-tech. It’s lovely for the few winners but is making life miserable for the substantial minority who don’t fit into tidy gender (or other) norms.